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The vernier caliper, is a measuring instrument equipped with a scale and a cursor that slides in itself. In the cursor is recorded a second scale called vernier scale or nonius. A Vernier allows a precise reading of some value. In the figure to the right, the Vernier moves up and down to measure a position on the Scale. This could be part of a barometer which reads atmospheric pressure.

Comparing to the digital vernier caliper manufacturers china, traditional manual calipers were limited by the visual acuity of the operator. A special scale was developed by French mathematician Pierre Vernier in 1631; it was designed to improve accuracy of eye-sighted calibrations. Instead of holding a scale up to an object, this device is placed in or around the object while its two scales are compared using the slightly more user-friendly process of aligning lines between scales. The sliding scale is constructed as a constant fraction of the main scale in order to make calculations easier.

If you are measuring an internal (female) thread; then this yields the minor diameter of the item. The necessary (external male) major diameter (OD) value will have to be calculated. See the vernier instructions produced by caliper manufacturers china below.

1. Multiply the factor value (F) of 1.0825 by the pitch (P) which yields result (R).

(F x P = R) Example: 1.0825(F) x 1.75(P) = 1.8944(R)

2. Add the carefully measured value for the internal diameter (ID) to the result (R) which yields thenominal major diameter (OD) of the internal thread. (ID + R = OD) Example:measured value 10.036 (ID) + result (R) 1.8944 = approximate nominal major diameter (OD) 12.